ARPA-H PRO-MICROBE Program · Homes

What if your home's microbiome could predict your respiratory health?

Yale University is developing the first Healthy Building Microbiome Index — a data-driven score that links the microbial community living in your home to the respiratory health of the people living there.

Led by Yale University · ARPA-H Resilient Systems Office

About PRO-MICROBE

PRO-MICROBE is a companion program to BREATHE, managed by ARPA-H's Resilient Systems Office. Where BREATHE focuses on institutional buildings, PRO-MICROBE explores a different question: what does the microbial life inside homes do to the health of the people who live there?

The Science

Trillions of microbes live in every home. We know almost nothing about what they do to us.

Every home — its dust, air, and surfaces — is inhabited by a complex community of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms. This community is different in every building, shaped by its occupants, its construction, its ventilation, and its environment.

Research suggests that early childhood microbial exposure strengthens immune systems, and that greater microbial diversity in homes is associated with reduced asthma risk. But we have never had the tools to define what a healthy home microbiome actually looks like — or to measure the distance between a given home's microbiome and that ideal.

PRO-MICROBE is building those tools.

"We don't know about the ones that help make us healthy."

— Jordan Peccia, Thomas E. Golden, Jr. Professor of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University. On the microbes we've never characterized for their beneficial effects.

Greater microbial diversity → lower asthma risk

Emerging evidence links richer indoor microbial communities with reduced risk of childhood allergic sensitization and asthma development — a biological signal PRO-MICROBE is designed to quantify.

The Approach

400 homes. Machine learning. The first Healthy Building Microbiome Index.

400-home study in Connecticut

Yale's team is sampling the dust, water, and air of 400 homes in Southern Connecticut — split between households with healthy occupants and households experiencing respiratory health problems — and performing lung function testing on participants.

Classical statistics + machine learning

Classical statistical models, machine learning, and deep learning methods are being applied to train, test, and validate an adaptable index that correlates microbial features with building conditions, environmental factors, and health outcomes.

The Healthy Building Microbiome Index

The result: the first data-driven score that links a home's microbial ecology — what's living in its air and dust — to the respiratory health of the people inside. A tool to guide building design, operations, and health interventions.

Deployment

Based at Yale, in 400 homes across Connecticut

Connecticut

400-home study in Southern Connecticut. Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Team

A multidisciplinary Yale team

Jordan Peccia, Ph.D. — Principal Investigator

Thomas E. Golden, Jr. Professor of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University. Leading the study design, microbial sampling, and index development.

Collaborating investigators

Drew Gentner — Chemical & Environmental Engineering Mark Gerstein — Yale School of Medicine (biomedical data science) Daniel Carrion — Epidemiology Sandra Zaeh — Pulmonary & Critical Care, Yale School of Medicine
In the News

Coverage of PRO-MICROBE

Yale Engineering

Microbes: The Invisible Inhabitants

Yale Engineering magazine profile of the PRO-MICROBE research program and its science

ARPA-H

ARPA-H Launches Exploration Topic to Develop Novel Healthy Building Index

Original ARPA-H PRO-MICROBE launch announcement

ARPA-H

ARPA-H PRO-MICROBE Award Page

Official ARPA-H program overview for PRO-MICROBE

Interested in the research?

PRO-MICROBE is building the scientific foundation for understanding healthy building microbiomes. Researchers, building scientists, and public health professionals — we'd like to hear from you.

research@breathe2026.org