BREATHE Program · Schools

Protecting the 50 million kids in America's schools.

SCALE is building the world's first continuous, direct nucleic-acid detection system — sensing what's in school air in real time and automatically instructing buildings to protect every student and staff member inside.

Led by Poppy Health · ARPA-H BREATHE Program

The Problem

Asthma is the top chronic disease that children face — and schools are where they spend their days.

25M
Americans living with asthma, including 4.5 million children
13M+
missed school days every year due to asthma
80M+
Americans — about 1 in 4 — living with seasonal allergies
$82B
annual U.S. cost from asthma alone — medical care, missed work and school, premature mortality

Sources: AAFA / CDC NHIS; CDC / AAFA; CDC NCHS Data Brief 545 (2024); Nurmagambetov et al., Annals ATS, 2018 via CDC.

The Poppy BREATHE System

An immune system for every building.

Like the human immune system, it works in three stages — then keeps adapting.

01

Sense

The world's first real-time, continuous, direct nucleic acid detection of up to 100 airborne organisms — allergens, molds, viruses, bacteria. Air is accelerated to the speed of sound; concentrated nine orders of magnitude for detection. Sensors regenerate and are designed to run for extended periods without human intervention.

02

Assess

An intelligent assessment engine that turns what's in the air into real-time, building-specific proactive health actions. Detection and environmental data flows into the system's risk model, updated continuously as scientists deepen understanding of how organisms in bioaerosols drive human disease.

03

Protect

Responsive building controls — ventilation, filtration, and air treatment — that act preemptively, before exposures occur. Clean air delivery is targeted and verified using real-time air tracing technology, confirming the exact clean airflow being delivered matches what the system targeted. Closing the loop as no building has before.

Future-proof

Software-updateable as new organisms and exposures emerge. Interchangeable cartridges allow the system to adapt to different environments and different threats. An immune system for every building — proactively maintaining health today and into the future.

See It In Action

A molecular-level guide to real-time organism detection

Watch how air is concentrated nine orders of magnitude, nucleic acids are extracted and identified, and electrochemical sensing detects organisms in real time — all illustrated at the molecular scale. An engineering first.

Impact

What SCALE means for schools

Continuous protection from triggers that keep kids out of school

Real-time detection and automatic response to mold, allergens, respiratory viruses, and fungal spores — the exposures driving asthma, allergic rhinitis, and respiratory illness in children.

Lower absenteeism. Higher attendance.

Fewer sick days means higher daily attendance — and higher per-pupil state funding that goes with it. SCALE turns air quality from a health issue into a school performance issue.

A safer building today. Future-proof tomorrow.

As new organisms and risks emerge, the system updates via software — no hardware replacement required. Schools are protected against threats that don't yet have names.

Designed for real schools, real budgets.

Low maintenance, designed to integrate with existing HVAC infrastructure. Parent- and school-facing software gives families and administrators a real-time window into the air their kids are breathing.

Demo Day · June 4, 2026

See the system in action

At the ARPA-H Healthy Buildings Demo Day in Washington DC, the SCALE team is demonstrating the full Poppy BREATHE platform — hands-on, live, and real.

Live building immune system demonstration

Release inert DNA and watch as the system senses, assesses, and responds in real time. Track every step on a live dashboard showing aerosol levels, air quality, and the building's response.

Get hands-on with the microfluidic cartridge

Handle the cartridges at the heart of the world's first continuous, direct nucleic acid sensor. The molecular-scale engineering that makes real-time organism detection possible in a building-integrated device.

Parent and school app — on your phone

Interact with the parent- and school-facing software on your own device or a provided iPad. See what the system sees, in plain language, in real time.

3D school walkthrough with real-time airflow

Explore a full school building using a 3D walkthrough showing real-time tracer measurements — how clean air is targeted and verified room by room. Seeing the invisible.

Partner Technology

An integrated platform — from sensor to system

SCALE deploys a full stack of sensing, control, and filtration technology, with Daikin Industries — the world's largest indoor air company — as industry transition partner.

Daikin Controller Daikin Portable Air Cleaner AAF (Daikin) MERV 15/12A Filters Tidal Air Cleaner (750+ CFM, open-source) Americare HEPA By-pass Air Cleaner

Daikin Controller: interconnects all system devices, led by Kevin Greiber. Tidal Air Cleaner: smart-plug enabled, open-source design, led by David Carel.

Program Footprint

Active in 20 states. 26 partner organizations. Growing.

SCALE is deploying across schools in every major U.S. climate zone, with a focus on underserved communities — building a national evidence base for intelligent school air infrastructure.

California Colorado Florida Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Nebraska Nevada Pennsylvania Texas Virginia Washington DC

Confirmed performer and participant states shown. Rolling out to 40–60 public schools in 2027. Additional states active — full list forthcoming.

Research & Sensing

Penn State University of Nebraska Medical Center Johns Hopkins CU-Boulder / CU-Denver / CU Anschutz UTMB University of Minnesota Draper Wyss Institute Mosaic (Berkeley)

Industry & Implementation

Daikin Industries Daikin Applied Americas AAF / Daikin Attune (Tysons Corner) Primary.Health (SF) Tidal Air Clean Air for Schools

School Deployments

Miami-Dade MDCPS Las Vegas CCSD Denver Public Schools Boulder Valley SD LA Unified (site review) Pittsburg Unified (CA)
In the News

Coverage of SCALE

SF Examiner

SF Health Tech Companies Create Pathogen Detection System

Coverage of Poppy Health and Primary.Health's system for schools

Penn State

Penn State Joins Poppy's ARPA-H SCALE Initiative — $2.3M for Genetic Biosensor Development

Mar 2026 · Penn State's role developing genetic biosensors across 40 schools nationwide

UNMC Newsroom

Dr. Josh Santarpia Joins Poppy ARPA-H SCALE Program

Feb 2026 · UNMC investigator leading sensing technology for real-time bioaerosol detection

ARPA-H

ARPA-H SCALE Award Page

Official ARPA-H program overview for the SCALE team

Interested in bringing SCALE to your school?

SCALE is actively expanding to schools across the United States. Whether you're a school district, a researcher, or an industry partner, we want to hear from you.

schools@breathe2026.org